Which document is sworn to under oath and penalty of perjury, or a comparable false swearing statute?

• A. An email summary
• B. A written report
• C. A notarized letter
• D. An affidavit

Answer: (B)

The concept here is identifying a document that is sworn under oath. An affidavit is a written statement of facts that the person swears to be true, usually before an authorized official such as a notary. Because it is sworn, false statements can lead to perjury penalties. This makes an affidavit the best fit because its defining feature is the oath.

By contrast, an email summary or a written report is informational and not inherently sworn under oath. A notarized letter is certified for the signer’s identity and the act of signing, but the content isn’t sworn to be true unless an oath is administered, which is what an affidavit provides.